A bunion is a common foot condition that can cause discomfort and pain. It is a bony protrusion that appears on the outer surface or base of the big toe. The major causes of bunions are heredity and wearing ill-fitting shoes, such as high heels or shoes with narrow toe boxes. When the big toe is repeatedly pushed against the other toes, the joint at the base of the toe can become deformed and cause a bunion.
Bunions can cause swelling, pain, and tenderness around the big toe. The affected area may also be red and inflamed. As the bunion grows, it can change the shape of your foot and cause a bony mass at the joint surface of the big toe. The big toe may also turn towards the adjacent toe, causing restricted movement and pain while walking.
If you think you have a bunion, you should consult a doctor or podiatrist for a diagnosis and treatment plan. They may recommend non-surgical or surgical methods depending on the severity of your condition.
Non-surgical treatment options for bunions include:
- Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help alleviate pain and inflammation.
- Antibiotics to avoid infection in case of an open sore or ulcer.
- Ice packs to help reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Resting your feet and avoiding activities that aggravate your condition.
- Choosing comfortable and broad-toed shoes that fit properly and reduce the compression of the toes.
- Using bunion pads, cushions, and splints to protect and alleviate pain.
- Selecting well-fitted shoes that match the shape of your feet.
In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the bunion and restore normal foot function. Your doctor may recommend surgery if non-surgical treatments are not effective or if your condition is causing significant pain and mobility issues. Surgery typically involves removing the bony protrusion and realigning the joint to its correct position, which can help alleviate pain and improve foot function.